英語閱讀難句分析之省略句

英語閱讀難句分析之省略句

　　英國(guó)大文豪莎士比亞在他的名著《哈姆雷特》里寫過這么一句名言：Brevity is the soul of wit.(言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。)寫文章也好，說話也好，都要求生動(dòng)活潑，簡(jiǎn)單明了，因此，“簡(jiǎn)潔”乃是一篇好文章的基本要求之一。

　　文章要做到簡(jiǎn)潔，省略法(Ellipsis)是必用的。

　　英語句子中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明確的信息而不必出現(xiàn)，或前面已出現(xiàn)的某些成分，為了避免不必要的重復(fù)，可以不再出現(xiàn)而不致引起誤解或歧義，這種語言現(xiàn)象就叫作省略。例如：Glad to see you. 這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主語I和謂語am可以省略。再如：London is on the Themes,and Paris on the Seine. 這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句，后半句省略了謂語動(dòng)詞is，因?yàn)榍懊嬉呀?jīng)出現(xiàn)過，后面不必重復(fù)。英譯漢時(shí)，為了使譯文明確達(dá)意，符合漢語習(xí)慣，要在正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)原文中省略的部分或保留或補(bǔ)全，或?qū)ζ溥M(jìn)行靈活處理。

　　有人將英語句子中的省略現(xiàn)象歸納為21種，本章只涉及在英語閱讀中常遇到的比較復(fù)雜的省略現(xiàn)象。

　　1. The transcription needs a certain amount of editing,as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right,it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.

　　第一層：The transcription 主 needs 謂 a certain amount of 定 editing,賓 as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar 狀語從句

　　sounds such as write and right， it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.

　　第二層：(狀語從句)as 引 even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right,狀語從句1 it 主 is 系 still not yet 狀 able 表 to do the work 賓 as well as an inte- lligent secretary . 狀語從句2

　　第三層：(狀語從句1)even if 引 the computer 主 can tell 謂 the difference 賓 between words of similar sounds 定 such as write and right 同位語

　　(狀語從句2)as well as 引 an intelligent secretary 主

　　要點(diǎn) 本句中as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，其中該句還帶有一個(gè)由even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;介詞短語between words of similar sounds修飾difference，such as write and right修飾words，as well as……為同等比較狀語從句，其中省略了與主句相同的部分。intelligent：有才智的;理解力強(qiáng)的。

　　譯文 譯稿需要一定量的編輯工作，因?yàn)椋�即使�?jì)算機(jī)能夠區(qū)別同音異義詞，如 write和right，它仍不可能把這項(xiàng)工作做得像有思維能力的秘書那樣好。

　　2. If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle,how often can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space?

　　第一層：If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the len- 狀語從句 gth of the needle,how often 狀 can 謂 it 主 be expected 謂 to fall on a line 賓 and 連 how often 狀 into a blank space?狀

　　第二層：(狀語從句)If 引 a needle 主 is 系 thrown 表 at random 狀 on a sheet of paper 狀 ruled with lines 定 whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle 定語從句

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