2020年中考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)之語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題(2)

　　5）當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作by的賓語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　Nobody can answer this question.

　　誤：The question can be answered by nobody.

　　正：The question can not be answered by anybody.

　　6）當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　They haven't done anything to make the river clean.

　　誤：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.

　　正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

　　7）以who為主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用by whom放在句首。

　　Who wrote the story?

　　誤：Who was the story written?

　　正：By whom was the story written?

　　8）有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。

　　The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。

　　The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷(xiāo)。

　　The books sell well. 這些書(shū)銷(xiāo)量很好。

　　9）下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句。

　　①感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound。

　　— Do you like the material?

　　— Yes, it feels very soft.

　　②不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。

　　When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

　　After the earthquake, few houses remained.

　　③賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)。

　　I taught myself English.

　　誤：Myself was taught English.

　　We love each other.

　　誤：Each other is loved.

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