新冠肺炎英語知識點(3)

　　Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals.In rare cases,they are what scientists call zoonotic[?z????n??t?k](人畜共患病),meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　Coronavirus symptoms（癥狀）

　　The viruses can make people sick,usually with a mild(輕度)to moderate(中度)upper respiratory tract illness(上呼吸道疾病),similar to a common cold.Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose,cough,sore throat,possibly a headache and maybe a fever,which can last for a couple of days.

　　For those with a weakened immune system,the elderly and the very young,there's a chance the virus could cause a lower,and much more serious,respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis [br???ka?t?s](支氣管炎).

　　There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly.

　　Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(中東呼吸綜合征),also known as the MERS virus,was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems,but those symptoms are much more severe.Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died,according to the CDC,

　　Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(嚴重急性呼吸綜合征),also known as SARS,is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms.First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China,according to the WHO,it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [?da???ri?](腹瀉),fatigue(疲勞),shortness of breath, respiratory distress(呼吸窘迫)and kidney failure(腎衰).Depending on the patient's age,the death rate with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases,with older people being the most vulnerable.

　　How it spreads

　　Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels,according to the WHO.With SARS,scientists suspected civet cats(貍貓) were to blame.

　　When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses,often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions [s??kri??(?)n](分泌物).

　　Depending on how virulent [?v?r?l?nt] (有毒的) the virus is,a cough,sneeze or handshake could cause exposure.The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth,nose or eyes.Caregivers(護理人員) can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste,according to the CDC.

　　【文章翻譯】

　　一種新的中國冠狀病毒，是SARS病毒的一個堂兄弟，自去年12月在中國武漢爆發(fā)以來，已經感染了1000多人。科學家LeoPoon首先破譯了這種病毒，他認為它很可能是從動物身上開始傳播到人類身上的。香港大學醫(yī)學院公共衛(wèi)生學院的病毒學專家Poon說：“我們知道這會導致肺炎（PoT），然后對抗生素治療無效，這并不奇怪，但就死亡率而言，SARS殺死了10%的個體。” 世界衛(wèi)生組織向各國提供了如何做好準備的指導，包括如何監(jiān)測病人和如何治療病人。

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