2021年中考英語介詞知識點(diǎn)：常見介詞用法錯誤(3)

　　[誤] It took them two days to walk across the forest.

　　[正] It took them two days to walk through the forest.

　　[析] across 作為介詞有兩個主要意思：① 橫過，如：I want to walk across the street.② 對面，如：There is a post office across the street，而through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.

　　[誤] The sun sets toward the west.

　　[正] The sun sets in the west.

　　[析] towards也可用作toward，它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動，但不一定到達(dá)，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east， west， north， south 時，其前面要用in.要注意的是這4個詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south. 也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of China.

　　[誤] Do you have no other clothes except those?

　　[正] Do you have no other clothes besides those?

　　[析] beside 是“在……旁邊”，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是“除……之外，不僅……而且……，除了……以外還有……”，如：I studied English besides French， when I was in college. 而except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that則要加從句。

　　[誤] Can I write the exam paper with ink?

　　[正] Can I write the exam paper with a pen?

　　[正] Can I write the exam paper in ink?

　　[析] with后要加拿得起來放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in.

　　[誤] I’m earlier today. I came here by his car.

　　[正] I’m earlier today. I came here in his car.

　　[析]在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=in a taxi

　　by train=in a train

　　by bicycle=on a bicycle

　　by ship=on a ship

　　by boat=in a boat

　　by bus=on a bus

　　by plane=on a plane

　　by air 空運(yùn)

　　by land 陸運(yùn)

　　by sea 海運(yùn)

　　on foot on horseback

　　by phone by letter by radio

　　by air mail by hand

　　[誤] A lot of French wines are made of grape.

　　[正] A lot of French wines are made from grape.

　　[析] made of 是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from，如：The desk was made of hard wood.

　　[誤] This is a good dictionary in English grammar.

　　[正] This is a good dictionary on English grammar.

　　[析]關(guān)于某方面的書籍、報告等有兩個介詞，其中on表示某專業(yè)用書，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知識。

　　[誤] Do you have the key of the door.

　　[正] Do you have the key to the door.

　　[析] key to the door門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question， entrance to the highway， danger to health.千萬不要用of.

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