2022年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式

　　中考網(wǎng)整理了關(guān)于2022年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助，僅供參考。

　　動(dòng)詞不定式：to + 動(dòng)詞原形(在某些情況下可以不帶to )。(沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化)

　　○1 一般式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to do , 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to be + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生)

　　○2 進(jìn)行式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to be doing , 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：無(wú) (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生)

　　○3 完成式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：to have been +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前就發(fā)生)

　　○4 用法：

　　A. 作主語(yǔ)：To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It's not easy to learn a foreign language .

　　B. 作表語(yǔ)：The most important thing is to finish the work on time .

　　C. 作賓語(yǔ)：

　　a. 動(dòng)詞+to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)

　　b. 動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+to do I don't know where to put the bike .

　　c. 動(dòng)詞+形式賓語(yǔ)(it)+賓補(bǔ)+to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .

　　D. 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：

　　a. 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)

　　b. 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的動(dòng)詞 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)

　　E. 作狀語(yǔ)：

　　a. 表示目的：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .

　　b. 表示結(jié)果：He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren't old enough to go to school .

　　c. 表示原因：He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .

　　F.作定語(yǔ)： I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .

　　○5 動(dòng)詞不定式to 的省略：

　　A. 在感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役動(dòng)詞have, let, make等后面要省to，但在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要還原不定式to。

　　I often saw him go out of the room .-------- He was often seen to go out of the room by me .

　　B.在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。

　　○6 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：not + to do ，有時(shí)也可以用-never + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。

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