2022中考英語(yǔ)H字開頭重點(diǎn)核心詞匯

1. habit

n.習(xí)慣;習(xí)性

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：good/bad habit好/壞習(xí)慣;form the habit of養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣;living habit生活習(xí)慣;eating habit飲食習(xí)慣;out of habit出于習(xí)慣;break the habit改掉習(xí)慣

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：habitual adj.習(xí)慣的，習(xí)以為常的;habitually adv.慣常，習(xí)慣地

5.My brother has a healthy living habit. He stays up late, and he is an early bird.

A. usually B. hardly C. often D. always

2. hang

v.懸掛;垂落;吊著;把……吊起

詞形變化：過(guò)去式hung，過(guò)去分詞hung

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hang on堅(jiān)持下去;握住不放;不掛斷;hang out閑逛;hang up (the phone)掛斷電話;hang onto依附;緊緊抓住

用法：hang可作及物動(dòng)詞，接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ);也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，其主動(dòng)形式含有被動(dòng)意義。例如：

You may hang your coat on the hook.你可以把外套掛在鉤子上。

All the shirts hang together in the same wardrobe.所有的襯衫都掛在同一個(gè)衣櫥里。

44. We ____________ (很少地〕hang out at weekends recently.

3. happen

v.(偶然)發(fā)生;碰巧

表示“某地(某時(shí))發(fā)生了什么事”，常用“sth.+ happen +地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間”句型，此時(shí)主語(yǔ)為事情。例如：

The story happened in 1998.這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在1998年。

表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”，常用“sth.+ happen+to sb.”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：

A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她發(fā)生了交通事故。

What happened to you?=what’s wrong with you?你怎么啦?

表示“某人碰巧做某事”，常用“sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：

I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一個(gè)朋友。

表示“碰巧或恰巧發(fā)生某事”時(shí)，還可用“It happens/happened that...”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：

It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.

碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家了。

注：that從句中的主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，該結(jié)構(gòu)可與“sb.+ happen + to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。例如：

It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day.= Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：happening n.發(fā)生的事(常用復(fù)數(shù))：

There have been strange happenings here lately.這兒最近發(fā)生了一些怪事。

How did this happen? I ___17___ we were friends.

17. A. found B. admitted C. realized D. thought

4. hard

adj.硬的;困難的;努力的;adv.努力地;艱難地;猛烈地

形容詞詞組：hard disk硬盤;hard drive硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器;have a hard time過(guò)得艱難;hard copy硬拷貝;復(fù)印件

副詞詞組：work hard努力工作(學(xué)習(xí));try hard努力

hard和hardly區(qū)別：

hard既是形容詞，又是自己的副詞，表示“努力的(地)”、“猛烈的(地)”;

hardly只作副詞，其詞義與hard相去甚遠(yuǎn)，指“幾乎不”，表示否定概念。試比較：

He works hard.他努力工作。

He hardly works.他幾乎不工作。

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：hardness n.硬度;harden v.硬化;變硬;hardship n.困苦，艱難險(xiǎn)阻;

同義詞：difficult adj.困難的

反義詞：soft adj.軟的;溫柔的;easy adj.容易的，簡(jiǎn)單的

Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue.

5. health

n.健康，衛(wèi)生

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：health care衛(wèi)生保健;physical health身體健康;mental health心理健康;World Health Organization世界衛(wèi)生組織

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：healthy adj.健康的，健全的;healthily adv.健康地;healthiness n.健康，健全

同義詞：fitness n.健康;適當(dāng)

21. Tennis can exercise all of our muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _________to spend time with others. This is good for our health, too.

A. ours B. us C. we

6. hear

v.聽到;聽說(shuō)

詞形變化：過(guò)去式heard，過(guò)去分詞heard

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hear from sb.收到某人的信;hear about聽說(shuō)，得知;hear of聽說(shuō)過(guò)

hear與listen的區(qū)別：hear強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽見”，即聽的結(jié)果;listen強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動(dòng)作;

hear sb. do sth.表示聽到某人做某事的全過(guò)程;hear sb. doing sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)聽到某人正在做某事。試比較：

I heard him sing a song yesterday.昨天我聽見他唱了一支歌。

I could hear people singing happily next door.我可以聽見隔壁有人在歡快地唱歌。

9.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _______________?

A. quickly B. happily C. slowly D. clearly

7. heat

n.熱，高溫;v.加熱;使激動(dòng)

詞組：heat wave熱浪;heat stroke中暑;heat up加熱

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：heated adj.熱的;激動(dòng)地，激烈的：heated discussion激烈的討論;heater n.加熱器

The accident also caused heated discussions on the Internet.

8. heavy

adj.(沉)重的;大量的，嚴(yán)重的

用法：除了可指重量之外，heavy常用來(lái)表示數(shù)量、程度或嚴(yán)重性之大，常見搭配有：

heavy traffic擁擠的交通;heavy rain/snow大雨/雪;heavy drinking/smoking大量飲酒/吸煙

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：heavily adv.沉重地;猛烈地;heaviness n.沉重;沉悶

反義詞：light adj.輕的

26. What does the table above show?

A. How heavy an egg can be. B. How long to cook an egg in a pan.

C. How to make an egg sink. D. How to check the age of an egg.

9. help

v.&n.幫助，幫忙

動(dòng)詞詞組：help oneself (to sth.)自用(食物)，自取所需;can’t help (doing sth.)忍不住(做)，情不自禁

名詞詞組：with the help of sb.=with sb.’s help在……的幫助下;ask for help尋求幫助

help作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，即是及物動(dòng)詞，也是不及物動(dòng)詞。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有help (sb.) with+名詞，help (sb.) in doing sth.，help (sb.) (to) do sth.(接不定式時(shí)可以省略to)：

He always helps (her) with the housework.他總是幫著(她)做家務(wù)。

She helped (me) (to) organize the party. 她協(xié)助(我)籌備了晚會(huì)。

help做名詞時(shí)，表示“幫助”時(shí)，常接介詞with;還可以指“有幫助的人或物”，這時(shí)常接介詞to：

Your advice was a big help to me.你的建議對(duì)我很有幫助。

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：helpful adj.有幫助的，有益的;helpfully adv.有益地，有用地;helpless adj.無(wú)助的;沒(méi)用的;helplessly adv.無(wú)助地，無(wú)能為力地

I was mortified. My hands were shaking. I couldn't help crying ___16___.

16. A. sadly B. shyly C. excitedly D. nervously

10. hide

v.把……藏起來(lái);隱藏

詞形變化：過(guò)去式hid，過(guò)去分詞hidden

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hide and seek捉迷藏

用法：hide可作及物動(dòng)詞表示“把……藏起來(lái)，隱瞞……”，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“隱藏，隱瞞”。常用的介詞搭配有：hide (sb./sth.) in/under/behind…(把……)藏于……;hide (sb./sth.) from sb.對(duì)……隱瞞：

Do not hide your fear from yourself.不要對(duì)自己隱瞞你的恐懼。

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：hidden adj.隱藏的：hidden trouble/danger隱患

22.Keep trying, ______ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you.

A.but B.and C.or

11. history

n.歷史;歷史學(xué)

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in history在歷史上;human history人類歷史;modern history近代史;history museum歷史博物館;history teacher歷史老師

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：historic adj.有歷史意義的;歷史上著名的;historical adj.歷史的;史學(xué)的;基于史實(shí)的;historically adv.歷史上地;從歷史觀點(diǎn)上說(shuō)

注意historic和historical的區(qū)別，historic通常表示具有重要?dú)v史意義的;historical通常表示涉及歷史、史學(xué)、過(guò)去的事實(shí)。試比較：

Today is a historic day for our country.今天是我國(guó)具有歷史意義的日子。

He has been doing some historical study.他一直在進(jìn)行史學(xué)研究。

43. Amy and Annie will go on a natural history walk next ______________(星期日).

12. hit

v.打，撞，擊中

詞形變化：過(guò)去式hit，過(guò)去分詞hit

用法：hit sb./sth. with sth.用……擊打……;hit sth. on/against sth.使(身體部位)撞到(某物)：

He hit his head on the low ceiling.他的頭碰了低矮的天花板。

熟詞僻義：hit作名詞時(shí)，除了表示“擊，打”，還可表示“很受歡迎的人(或事)”：

His new record is a real hit.他的新專輯極為成功，引起轟動(dòng)。

近義詞：beat v.(敲)打

Liu hit the driver with her phone and prevented the driver from driving the bus safely.

13. hold

v.拿，抱，握住;進(jìn)行，舉行

詞形變化：過(guò)去式held，過(guò)去分詞held

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：hold on=hang on別掛斷;等一下;hold up舉起;hold back隱瞞;抑制;hold onto=hang onto抓住不放

用法：hold除了表示“拿，握，抱”等肢體動(dòng)作的含義，還經(jīng)常用來(lái)表示“進(jìn)行，舉行，舉辦”的意思，常見搭配有hold a meeting/party/competition等。

Then jump straight up as high as you can after the squat position, holding your arms up directly over your head.

14.honest

adj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的，正直的

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：to be honest老實(shí)說(shuō)

honest前面的不定冠詞要用an，不用a：an honest man;

be honest with sb.對(duì)某人誠(chéng)實(shí);be honest about sth.坦誠(chéng)(不隱瞞)某事

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：honesty n.誠(chéng)實(shí)，正直;honestly adv.誠(chéng)實(shí)地，正直地：honestly (speaking)=to be honest老實(shí)說(shuō)

反義詞：dishonest adj.不誠(chéng)實(shí)的，不老實(shí)的

To be honest, if I compare China with the US, my answer has always been the same: “We are not worse or better than each other; we are only different.”

15.honour

n.榮譽(yù)，榮耀;尊敬

美式拼寫：honor

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in honour of為紀(jì)念……;for the honour of為了……的聲譽(yù);have the honour of有幸……;guest of honour貴賓

用法：復(fù)數(shù)形式honours，特指“優(yōu)異成績(jī)”：graduate with honours以優(yōu)異成績(jī)畢業(yè)

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：honoured adj.受尊敬的;honourable adj.榮譽(yù)的，值得尊敬的

反義詞：dishonour n.恥辱，丟臉

We encourage our kids to take honors courses(培優(yōu)課程)or to have after-school jobs.

16.human

n.人類;adj.人的，人類的

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：human body/brain人體/腦;human being人;人類;human nature人性

用法：human也可以作名詞，此時(shí)human=human being，意為“人，人類”。

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：humanly adv.像人地;以人力;humanity n.人類;人道

Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge.

17.humorous

adj.幽默的

關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：humorous stories幽默故事

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：humorously adv.幽默地，滑稽地;humour=humor n.幽默：sense of humour幽默感;black humour黑色幽默

27. What does the underlined word “resolution” mean in the passage?

A. Promise. B. Entertainment. C.Humour D. Secret.

18.hungry

adj.(饑)餓的;渴望的

用法：hungry通常引申為“渴望的”，常用句式有be hungry for sth.或be hungry to do sth.：

She is hungry for success.她渴望成功。

She was hungry to learn.她渴望學(xué)習(xí)。

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：hunger n.饑餓;hungrily adv.饑餓地;渴望地

19. - I'm getting hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food?

- Of course! There ____________ a restaurant around the comer.

A. will be B. was C. is

19.hurry

v.&n.趕快，急忙

動(dòng)詞詞組：hurry up趕快，快點(diǎn)

名詞詞組：in a hurry著急，匆匆忙忙;in no hurry不著急，不匆忙;in such a hurry如此匆忙

用法：

hurry可搭配一些介詞作狀語(yǔ)，例如：hurry+ along/down：She hurried along the road.她匆匆地沿路而行;

hurry/in a hurry to do sth.表示“著急(趕緊)做某事”：Kate was in a hurry to grow up.凱特急切地想長(zhǎng)大。

10.–Tony, hurry up and don't forget to lock the door.

- ___________________. I'm getting my coat.

A. Wait a minute B. No deal C. Nothing serious D. Bad luck

20.hurt

v.傷害，使受傷;感到疼痛

詞形變化：過(guò)去式hurt，過(guò)去分詞hurt

用法：

hurt作及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)常常為身體部位或者反身代詞：hurt one’s arm/leg/nose;hurt oneself;也常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：get hurt受傷了。

hurt作不及物動(dòng)詞，不接賓語(yǔ)，以身體部位作主語(yǔ)，表示“感到疼痛”，常用搭配有：sth. hurts badly/a lot(某身體部位)很痛;That/It (really) hurts!(真的)好疼!

同義詞：ache v.疼

29. According to the passage, what benefit can we get from trampolining?

A. It helps with bone growth. B. It cures illnesses in our knees.

C. It helps reduce stress on muscles. D. It prevents ears from being hurt.

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