2023年初中英語形容詞-用法總結(jié)

定義

表示人或事物的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)的詞

a word that describes a person or thing.

1 . 結(jié)構特點

以 -able, -al , -ful , -ic , -ish, -less , -ous , -y等結(jié)尾的詞，一般是形容詞;

2 . 句法特點

大多數(shù)形容詞都可以做定語，在be，look，seem等詞后面作定語;

用法

1 . 用做定語

Lily is a beautiful girl.

The new student comes from Japan.

2 . 用做表語

My car is is very expensive.

The English story is very interesting.

3 . 用做賓語補足語

Don't keep the door open.

His success made him happy.

We finally found the dictionary very useful.

4 . "the + 形容詞" 表示一類人或事物，相當于名詞，用做主語或賓語

The old often think of old things.

The new always take the places of the old.

5 . 也可以用做狀語

Please speak loud and clear.

These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold and hungry.

6. 少數(shù)形容詞只能做表語，不能做定語

常見的有：ill , asleep, awake , alone , alive , well , worth , glad , unable , afraid 等;

Don't be afraid.

The old man was ill yesterday.

This place is worth visiting.

7 . 少數(shù)形容詞只能作定語，不能作表語

包含little, live , elder, eldest

My elder brother is a doctor.

This is a little house.

Do you want live fish or dead one ?

形容詞的位置

冠詞(a，an，the，my，three，指示代詞)不屬于形容詞，但要在作定語的形容詞前面

描繪性的形容詞

表示形狀(大小，長短，高矮)的形容詞

表示年齡或新舊的形容詞

表示顏色的形容詞

表示出處、來源

表示材料、物質(zhì)的形容詞

表示用途的形容詞

比較級和最高級

1、單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加-er ，-est構成

great, greater , greatest

2、 以-e 結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -r ，-st構成

wide , wider , widest

3、少數(shù)以 -y，-er，-ow，-ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -er ，-est構成

clever , cleverer , cleverest

4、以 -y結(jié)尾，但 -y前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把 -y 去除，加上 -ier ， -est構成

happy , happier , happiest

5、以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾 其前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙寫該輔音字母，然后再加-er ，-est

big , bigger , biggest

6、某些雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more , most加在前面來構成

careful , more careful , most careful

beautiful , more beautiful , most beautiful

difficult , more difficult , most difficult

7 、常用不規(guī)則變化形容詞的比較級和最高級

形容詞、副詞比較級的重難點

1 、 “as + adj ./ adv . + as ”或 "not so (as) + adj. / adv. + as "句型。用來描述兩個比較對象在程度上的相似或不同之處。

The building is as high as that tower.

My computer is not so expensive as yours.

2、“as many / few + 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) + as ”或者 “as much / little + 不可數(shù)名詞 + as”句型。前者描述數(shù)目上的接近;后者描述量的接近。

You may borrow as many as you can.

"Drink as much water as you can",the doctor said to him.

3、“主語 + 比較級 + than any other + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”

或 “主語 + 比較級 + than the other 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)” ，表示主語描述的事物比其他(任何一個)都 ...，用比較級形式表示最高級含義。

Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.

Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.

4、諸如not , never 之類的否定詞與 形容詞或副詞的比較級連用，表示最高級含義，意思是：“再沒有比....更...”

It is not a better idea.

I have never heard such an interesting story.

5、“no + 比較級 + than .. ”結(jié)構表示對兩個比較對象都進行否定(可以用neither ... nor... 來改寫)

This computer is no better than yours.

I'm no more foolish than you.

(Neither I nor you are foolish.)

6、“not more + 比較級 + than ...” 表示在程度上前者不如后者

This book is not more interesting than that one.

The girl is not more selfish than her mother.

7、“比較級 + than + 形容詞”，表示 “與其 ... 倒不如... ”

He was much luckier than clever.

與其說他聰明，倒不如說他運氣好。

Jack is much harder than clever.

8、"would rather ... than "

" prefer ... to ..." ,

"prefer to do ... rather than .."

這三種句型表示“寧愿 ... 而不...”

"喜歡....勝過...."

"寧愿做...而不愿做..."，

雖然無比較級形式，但都表示比較級含義。

She would rather die than give in.

她寧死不屈。

I prefer playing basketball to going to the cinema.

我寧愿打籃球也不去看電影。

He prefer to go out rather than stay home.

他寧愿出去，也不想呆在家里。

9、“the + 比較級 ... ，the + 比較級 ...”，表示 越 ... , 越 ...

The harder you work at English , the greater progress you will make.

在英語學習上，你越用功，取得的進步越大。

The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.

問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就越小。

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