1.狀語從句

用來修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的從句叫狀語從句，因其具有副詞性質(zhì)，所以也被稱為副詞性從句。

狀語從句不僅是初中英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)，也是每年中考必考重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。

從歷年全國各地中考英語試題對(duì)狀語從句的考查內(nèi)容來看，命題主要集中在引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連接詞、狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)等方面。九大狀語從句中，同學(xué)們應(yīng)將復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)放在時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句和讓步狀語從句上。

1.時(shí)間狀語從句

(1)時(shí)間狀語從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as等連詞來引導(dǎo)。

例如：

It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday.

我們昨天去學(xué)校時(shí)，雨下得很大。

While he was doing his homework,the telephone rang.

他做作業(yè)時(shí)，電話鈴響了。

As he walked along the lake,he sang happily.

他沿湖走著，開心地唱著歌。

He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

他來中國前，學(xué)了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)中文。

After he finished middle school,he went to work in a factory.

初中畢業(yè)后，他去工廠工作了。

(2)在時(shí)間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時(shí)態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

例如：

I'll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

我一到紐約，就給你打電話。

I will tell him everything when he comes back.

他回來時(shí)，我會(huì)告訴他一切。

He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

直到他親眼見了，他才相信。

(3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里;如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到.....時(shí)”，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到.....才.....”，“在.....以前不....”，謂語動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。

例如：

The young man read till the light went out.

這個(gè)年輕人一直讀到燈熄了。

Let's wait until the rain stops.

讓我們等雨停。

We won't start until Bob comes.

等到鮑爾來了，我們?cè)匍_始。

Don't get off until the bus stops.

等車停穩(wěn)再下車。

2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句

地點(diǎn)狀語從句常常由where 來引導(dǎo)。

例如：

Go where you like .

你想去哪就去哪兒。

Where there is a will,there is a way.

有志者，事竟成

3.條件狀語從句

(1)條件狀語從句通常由if和unless 引導(dǎo)。例如：

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

明天下雪的話，我們?cè)撛趺崔k?

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

除非我叫你，否則不準(zhǔn)離開這座大廈。

(2)在條件狀語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

例如：

I'll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.

如果明天有空的話，我會(huì)來幫你輔導(dǎo)英語。

He won't be late unless he is ill.

除非他病了，不然他不會(huì)遲到的。

(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陳述句”在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。

例如：

Hurry up,or you'll be late.=If you don't hurry up,you’ll be late.

趕快，不然你要遲到了。

Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard,you will pass the exam.

努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就能考試過關(guān)。

4.原因狀語從句

(1)原因狀語從句通常有because,since和as引導(dǎo)。

例如：

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

因?yàn)樗�生病了，所以沒來上課。

As it is raining,we shall not go to the zoo.

外面下雨了，我們不能去動(dòng)物園了。

Since you can’t answer the question .I’ll ask someone else.

由于你無法回答這個(gè)問題，我將請(qǐng)其他人來回答。

(2)because表示直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)。Because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后，回到由why提出的問題，只能用because、as和since 語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在句首。

例如：

—Why aren’t you going there?

—你為什么不去那里?

—Because I don’t want do.

因?yàn)槲也幌肴ァ?/p>

As he has no car, he can't get there easily.

因?yàn)闆]有車，他沒法很容易到那里。

Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

因?yàn)槲覀儧]有錢，我們不能買這個(gè)。

(3)because和so不能用在同一個(gè)句子里。

5.結(jié)果狀語從句

(1)結(jié)果狀語句由so...that,such...that,so that等引導(dǎo)。

例如：

He is so poor that he can't buy a bike for his son .

他太窮了，沒法給兒子買一輛自行車。

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

她是一個(gè)如此好的老師以至于所有人都喜歡她。

My pencil fell under the desk,so that I couldn’t see it.

我的鉛筆因?yàn)榈�落到桌子底下了，所以我看不見它了�?/p>

(2)So...that與such....that 可以互換。

在由so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：“...so+形容詞(副詞)+that=從句”。

例如：

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

他太興奮了以至于說不出話來。

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000people.

這個(gè)大廳如此大以至于可以容納2000人。

Mother lives so far away that we could hardly ever see her.

媽媽住的很遠(yuǎn)，以至于我們幾乎看不到她。

在由such...that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞;名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。

例如：

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

天氣如此熱以至于人都不想做事情。

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

他的胳膊如此長以至于幾乎能夠到天花板。

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exams.

他進(jìn)步非常大，在期中考試中考得很好。

有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。

例如：

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

電影太精彩了，我們所有人都想再看一遍。

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

這個(gè)比賽如此重要以至于沒有人想錯(cuò)過。

(3)如果名詞前有many、much、little、few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用so，不用such.

例如：

Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

很快就來了非常多的鹿以至于野玫瑰一會(huì)就被吃沒了。

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.

他幾乎沒有時(shí)間，所以沒法和你一起看電影。

6.比較狀語從句

比較狀語從句通常由as....as,“比較級(jí)+than”等連詞引導(dǎo)。

例如：

Tom runs faster than John does.

Tom比約翰跑得快。

This classroom is as big as that one.

這個(gè)教室和那個(gè)一樣大。

7.目的狀語從句

(1)目的狀語從句通常由so that，in order that等引導(dǎo)。

例如：

We started early so that we could catch the first train.

為了可以追上早班車，我們走的很早。

He studied hard so that he could work better in the future.

他努力學(xué)習(xí)，那樣以后就可以找個(gè)更好的工作。

We used the computer in order that we might save time.

為了節(jié)省時(shí)間，我們使用了電腦。

(2)So that 即可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè)：①目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might等;②從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示目的很明確。

例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you.(目的狀語從句)

說得清楚一點(diǎn)，那樣他們就可以理解你。

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(結(jié)果狀語從句)

杰克生病非常嚴(yán)重，以至于不得不休息。

8.讓步狀語從句

(1)讓步狀語從句通常由although,though等連詞引導(dǎo)。

例如：

Though he is young,he knows a lot.

盡管他很年輕，但是他知道的很多。

Although I am tired,I must go on working.

盡管我很累，但我必須繼續(xù)工作。

(3)although/though與but不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。

例如：

Though it was raining hard,but he still went out.(誤)

Though it was raining hard,he still went out.或It was raining hard,but he still went out(正)

盡管下雨很大，他還是出去了。

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