時間狀語從句的基礎知識

用表示時間的連詞連接一個句子作狀語，這樣的主從復合句就是時間狀語從句。連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...... 這里要注意一點的是，如果主句是一般將來時，從句只能用一般現在時表示將來意義。

時間狀語從句的用法

時間狀語從句是表示時間關系的從句。可以引導時間狀語從句的連詞很多，根據意義和主從句之間的時間關系，通常可分為以下幾種情況：

A. when, while, as, whenever

when, while, as表示主句謂語作和從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。

1.when

①when表示點時間時，從句中用短暫性動詞;表示段時間時，用持續(xù)性動詞。

When I got home, my family were already having dinner.

我到家的時候，全家已在吃晚飯。

(when表示點時間)

When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.

當他們還在說笑的時候，老師進來了。(when表示段時間)

He waved ahello when he saw her.

當他看見她的時候，就揮手打了個招呼。(when表示點時間)

When you think you know nothing, you begin to know something.

當你認為自己一無所知的時候，就開始知道一些事情了。(when表示段時間)

注意：

當when意思是正當……時候(and at that moment)時，when只能跟在前一分句之后。

He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang.

他正要上床，忽然門鈴響了。

They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.

他們正看著世界杯比賽，突然燈滅了。

They had just arrived home when it began to rain.

他們剛到家，天就開始下雨了。

②有時when表示雖然，盡管的含義，相當于although或since。

He walks when he might take a taxi.

盡管可以打的，但他還是步行。

How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none

既然你不寬恕別人，你自己又怎能希望得到別人的寬恕呢?

2.while

①while通常表示一段時間，從句中宜用持續(xù)性動詞作謂語。

Strike while the iron is hot.

趁熱打鐵。

She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.

她在看報的時候睡著了。

②while有時可以作并列連詞，表示對比，可譯成……而……。

I am fond of English while he likes maths.

我喜歡英語而他卻喜歡數學。

We slept while the captain kept watch.

我們睡覺而上尉擔任警戒。

③while有時可引導讓步狀語從句，意思是雖然。

While they love te children, they are strict with them.

雖然他們都愛他們的孩子，但卻對他們要求嚴格。

提示：

雖然during 與 while 意思很相近，但是during是介詞，不能引導從句。

3.as

①as表示點時間時，從句中用短暫性動詞;表示段時間時，用持續(xù)性動詞。as和when兩者經常可以通用。

The thief was caught as when he was stealing in the supermarket.

小偷在超市行竊時被逮住了。

I saw Jim as when he left the meeting room.

吉姆離開會議室時候我看到了他。

②as表示 一邊……一邊……，強調從句和主句中兩個動作交替進行或同步進行。

They talked as they walked.

他們邊走邊聊。

He looked behind from time to time as he went.

他一邊走，一邊不時地往后看。

③as表示隨著

As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.

隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖了。

As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom.

隨著春回大地，百花開始綻放。

4.when, while, as的用法區(qū)別

①只有當從句表示的是段時間，即其謂語動詞有持續(xù)性特征時，這三者可以通用互換。

I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast.

我在吃早飯的時候從收音機里獲悉這一消息。

②在下列情況下，三者彼此之間不能替換使用：

a.as更強調同一時間或緊接的一前一后或伴隨著的變化。

We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.

我們聽著歌星邊彈吉它邊演唱。

I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.

你一張嘴我就知道你要說什幺

As he grew older, he became less and less active.

隨著他年齡的增長，他變得越來越不活潑了。

提示：

狀語從句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前時一般用逗號與主句分開。有時可置于主句中間，前后用逗號。

b.when更強調特定時間，還可表示從句中的動作先于或后于主句的動作。

When I had given Mary the spare ticket, I found my own already gone.

當我把多余的票給了瑪麗時，我才發(fā)現我自己的票已不知去向。(從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意主從句的時態(tài))

When I finally got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes.

當我最終趕到那里時，會議已開始十分鐘了。(從句動作發(fā)生在主句之后，注意時態(tài))

c.while從句只能表示延續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)或主從句中動作的對比。

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking

about my daughter.

她以為我在談論她女兒，而事實上，我在談論我的女兒。

d.若表示兩個短促動作幾乎同時發(fā)生時，用as場合多于when。

As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause.

他結束講話時，觀眾爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。

5.whenever

whenever是when的強勢語，它描述的不是一次性動作，而是經常發(fā)生的習慣性動作。

You are always welcome whenever you come.

無論你何時來都歡迎。

Whenever we met with diffiulties, they came to help us.

每當我們遇上困難的時候，他們就來幫我們。

B. before, after

1.before

before表示在一段時間之前。

I must finish all the work before go home.

回家之前我必須干完所有的活。

You must first learn to walk before you try to run.

在想要跑以前，你得先學會走。

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.

他去倫敦之前已學了三年英語。

提示：

before 從句往往帶有否定的含義。

He ran off before I could stop him.

我還沒來得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。

Thke it down berore you forget it.

趁著還沒忘記的時候就記錄下來。

必背：

before 常用句型 It is was will be ?efore?/p>

It wil be five years before we meet again.

五年以后我們才能再見。

It will be not long before you regret what you have done.

不用過多久你就會對你所作所為感到后悔的。

It was not long before I realized I was wrong.

不久我就意識到我錯了。

It was minutes before the police arrived.

過了幾分鐘警察才到。

2.after

after表在一段時間之后。

Let's play football after school is over.

放學后我們踢足球吧。

The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.

暴風雨過后不久，太陽出來了。

C.till, until

1.untiltill用于肯定句時，表示直到 為止，主句必須為持續(xù)性動詞。

We shall wait until till he comes back.

我們將一直等到他回來。 (注意它們的拼寫)

Everthing went well untiltill that accident happened.

直到發(fā)生那意外之前，一切都正常。

2. not?ntiltill表示直到 才 ，主句通常要用短暫動詞，這時until和till可用before代替。

I didn't leave until till before she came back.

直到她回來，我才離開的。

Bells don't ring till until you strike them.

鈴不打不響。

Peopl do not know the value of their health till until before they lose it.

人們直至失去了健康才知其可貴。

3.當not until位于句首時，主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序。

Not until she stopped crying did I leave.

直到她不哭了，我才離開的。

注意：

until引導的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。

4.在強調句型中一般只能用until，不用till。

It was not until she took off her drk glasses that I recognized her.

直到她摘下墨鏡，我才認出她。

D.since, ever since

1.since自……以來。表示動作從過去某一點時間一直延續(xù)到說話時間為止。主句中通常為延續(xù)性動詞的現在完成時，since從句中一般用短暫性動詞的一般過去時。

It has been just a week since we arrived here.

我們到這兒剛剛一星期。

Where haveyou been since I last saw you

自上次我見過你之后，你去了哪里?

Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.

她自年輕時起就一直集郵至今。

提示：

有時since 從句中也可以用延續(xù)性動詞，注意它的譯法。

Tom is now working on the farm.It's two years since he was a college student.

湯姆現在農場上班，他大學畢業(yè)已有兩年了。

2.ever since 從那時起直至現在，此后一直。表示說話者強調主句動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)時間長，語氣比since強。

Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.

自一九五零年結婚以來，他們一直生得很幸福。

3.since還可以用作副詞或介詞。

The big clock was damaged during the war and has been sient(ever)since.

這只大鐘在戰(zhàn)爭中損壞了，從此就一直不響了。

My uncle went to Tibet in the 1950s. He has been living there(ever)since.

我叔叔五十年代就去了西藏，從那以后他一直生活在那里。

You have made great achievements in your work since graduation.

你們自畢業(yè)以來已經在工作中取得了巨大成就。

E.as soon as

as soon as...可譯為一……就……，用來表示主從句的動作是緊接著發(fā)生的。

He will come and see you as soon as he can.

他一有空就來看你。

He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.

他一得到這個好消息就奔回家。

必背：

一……就……還可以用onupon doing 結構來表示。

On arriving home he called up Lester.

= As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.

他一到家就給萊斯特打電話。

F. immediately instantly directly

相當于as soon as，從句中用一般過去時態(tài)。

They phoned her immediately they reached home.

他一到家馬上就給她打了電話。

I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.

我一看見她就把她認出來了。

We came directly we got your telephone.

我們一接到你的電話就趕來了。

G.the moment, the minute, the instant, the second

這幾個名詞短語也可用作連詞，直接引導時間狀語從句，表示一 就 。

He said he'd turn on TV th moment he got home.

他說他一到家就打開電視機。

Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.

告訴他，他一到我就要見他。

The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.

鈴一響，學生就沖出了教室。

H.hardly scarcely?hen? no sooner?han?/p>

這兩個短語都表示剛……就……，可以互換，主句通常用去完成時。

He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.

他剛出發(fā)就想起家來。

He had hardly started his speech when someone rose to refute his points.

他剛開始發(fā)言，就有人站起來反駁他的論點。

注意：

當hardly, scarcely, no sooner

位于句子的開頭時，主句須用倒裝語序。

Hardly had she fallen asleep when a knockat the door woke her up.

她剛要睡著，忽然敲門聲把她吵醒。

No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began.

地上的霜一消散，人們就開始工作了。

I.once

once作連詞時，也相當于as soon as，但它含有的條件意味更濃，它引導的從句較短。

Once you begin, you must continue.

一旦開了頭，你就應當繼續(xù)下去。

Once you see him, you will neer forget him.

你一旦見過他，就不會忘了他的。

J.next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等

Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.

下次你進城一定來看我們。

He left me a good impression the first time I met him.

我第一次見他時，他給我留下了好印象。

Every time I see him he looks miserable.

我每次見到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。

The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.

上一次我見到他時，他看上去很開心。

K.by the time

by the tine 也可以引導時間狀語從句，意為到 時為止，主句一般要用完成時態(tài)。

By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all byhimself.

愛因斯坦到十四歲時就自學完了高等數學。 (從句為一般過去時，主句要用過去完成時)

I shall have finished my work by the time you return.

在你回來之前我將會做完我的活兒。(從句為一般現在時，主句要用將來完成時)

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