從屬連詞

常見的從屬連詞有：

(1)引導時間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引導條件狀語從句的if, unless等。

(3)引導原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。

(4)引導目的狀語從句的so that, in order that等。

(5)引導讓步狀語從句的though, although, even if等。

(6)引導結果狀語從句的so that, so…that, such…that等。

(7)引導比較狀語從句的than, as…as等。

(8)引導名詞從句的that, if , whether等。

1 that

I think(that) he likes football.

我想他喜歡足球。

that引導名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句)和定語從句，本書只介紹賓語從句。

1.that在賓語從句、間接引語中可以省略，主句與從句時態一致。

I think(that) he is tired.我想他累了。

I thought(that) he was tired.

注意

要特別注意主句與從句時態的呼應。如果主句是過去時，從句一律改為過去的時態，詳見第二十章賓語從句。

2.如果主句的動詞是 think， believe…;如果主句的主語是第一人稱，變為否定句時，要否定主句，譯成中文時，則否定從句。

I believe you will leave here.

我相信，你會離開這兒的。

I don't believe you will leave here.

我相信，你不會離開這兒的。

必背!

I hope that～我希望～

I think that～我認為～

I say that～我說～

I know that～我知道～

I find that～我發現～

be afraid that～恐怕～

be sure that～確認～

be glad(happy) that～很高興～

(以上的that都可以省略)

2 when，while，till，until，since…

When he arrives there he will call you.

他到達那兒以后，他會給你打電話。

when， while， till， until， since， after， before， as soon as等是連接時間狀語從句的連詞。在時間狀語從句中要特別注意時態的搭配：當主句是將來時，從句要用一般現在時。

注意

while所引導的從句的謂語動詞只能是延續性的，不能用點動詞。(如begin，stop…)

When I arrived there， it was raining.

當我到那兒時，天正在下雨。

I entered the room while(when) Li Ming was talking with her.

我進屋時，李明正在和她談話。

I didn't go to sleep until(till)I finished my homework.

直到我做完作業，我才上床睡覺。

We won't work until(till) our teacher teaches us how to do it.

老師教給我們如何做這工作之后，我們才會開始做。

He came to China after the war was over.

比較

連詞連接從句不同，意思不同。

He had been in China before the war was over.

戰爭結束前，他已經在中國了。

=The war was over before he came to China.

=The war had been over before he came to China.

戰爭結束后，他來到中國。

I have learned more than two thousand English words since I began learning English two years ago.

自從兩年前我開始學習英語以來，我已經學習了兩千多個英語單詞了。

注意

since引導的是一個過去時的句子，說明自當時以來到現在(自從兩年前以來)，主句一般要用現在完成時。

As soon as I get enough money，I'll buy it.

我一得到足夠的錢，就買它。

3 because：因為，連接原因狀語從句

She didn't go there，because she was ill.

因為她病了，所以她沒去那兒。

1.回答Why問句時，只能用because，不能用for或 as.

Why are you late?

你為什么遲到?

Because I met a traffic accident on my way here.

因為在我來這兒的路上，遇到了車禍。

2.漢語中，我們經常說因為……所以，但在英文中有了because，就不能再用so。

(×)Because he was tired， so he couldn't walk there.

因為他累了，所以他不能走到那兒了。

4 if，though (although)

If it doesn't rain，we'll go to the park.

如果不下雨，我們就去公園。

Though I was tired， I still worked hard.

雖然我很累，可是我仍然努力地工作。

1.if：如果(引導條件從句)

You can pass the exam if you study hard.

如果你努力學習，你會及格的。

2.though，although：雖然(引導讓步狀語從句)和原因狀語從句一樣，如果用了though，although (雖然)就不能再用but(但是)。

Although(Though) I live near the sea， I'm not a good swimmer.

=I live near the sea，but I'm not a good swimmer.

雖然我住在海邊，可是我游泳并不好。

注意

注意時態一致，和時間狀語從句一樣。主句是將來時之時，從句要用一般現在時。

5 so…that：太……以致……

He is so old that he can't work. = He is too old to work.

他太老了，不能工作。

The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.

=The box is too heavy for me to lift.

箱子太沉了，我抬不起來。

The girl is so beautiful that everybody likes her.

這個小女孩太漂亮了，每個人都喜歡她。

注意

注意此句型與too…to的互換。

so…that在肯定句中不能轉換成too…to…。

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