一、介詞的定義：

介詞是一種虛詞，用來表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞語與句中其他詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨使用。介詞可以與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。on the desk在桌上 in Shanghai在上海by accident偶然的 on purpose故意的drop out of school輟學(xué)in front of school在學(xué)校前

二、介詞的分類

(一)簡單介詞。例如：out，at，over，on，under，past，to(二)復(fù)合介詞。例如：without，onto，outside，within，into(三)短語介詞。例如：because of，in front of，instead of

三、常見介詞的用法

(一).表示“在何時”常用介詞at，on，in。早午晚要用in , 年月季周in在前;將來時態(tài)in…以后。inthe morning(afternoon, evening)在早上(下午，晚上)insummer在夏天in2008在2008年inMay在5月infive years五年以后黎明午夜時與分，幾歲之前用at;at dawn ,黎明，破曉at noon,正午，中午at night;在夜里at seven,在七點鐘at eight thirty在八點半at half past ten.在十點半at the age of ten十歲的時候at the beginning of 在開始的時候。

on:

日子、節(jié)日、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in.onSunday在星期日on Children’s Day.在兒童節(jié)On August eighth, 2011.在2011年八月八日onSunday morning 在星期日的早上onthe morning of June 1 在6月1日的早上ona cold winter night 在一個寒冷的冬夜

during

duringthe summer holiday 在暑假duringthe night在晚上fromMondaytoFriday 從周一到周五from7 o’ clockto9 o’ clock 從7點到9點

Since 接點，for 接段，現(xiàn)在完成里面見。句子詞組since 后，絕對不與for相連。I have lived in Beijing since 2005。(時間點)我自從2005年就開始居住在北京。I have already learned English for seven years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語七年了。(一段時間)I have learned English since I was eight years old.我自從8歲以來就學(xué)習(xí)英語了。(后面接句子)I have lived in Beijing since 6 years ago.我六年前開始居住在北京的。(后接詞組)before之前用完成，ago之前用過去She said that she had married him five years before.他說他們五年前已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了。I have never been to Los Angeles before.我之前從沒有去過洛杉磯。He will come back before eleven o’clock.他將在十一點前回來。His father died ten years ago.他的父親十年前死了

after, in, later表以后，In 接段時表將來，after 接點將來用;After 段點皆可表過去。Later 段時后面表過將。He will reach here in two days.他兩天后到達這里。I think he will come here after three o’clock.我認為他將三點鐘之后來這。He started to go after three days rest.他休息了三天之后又走了。Three days later, he appeared before all the people who thought him dead.三天后，他出現(xiàn)在所有認為他已經(jīng)死的人面前。I will call again later.我晚點再打來。

till until 直到，not …until 直到才。肯定句延續(xù)詞till/until ; 否定句延續(xù)瞬間not until.He will wait for me till/until 11 o’clock.他將等我到11點。He didn’t arrived at home until 11 o’clock yesterday.他昨晚直到11點鐘才到家。He didn’t do his homework until 7 o’clock.他直到7點鐘才開始做作業(yè)。

④by“到……前;截至……”，常用于完成時。例如：He had finished his homeworkby5 o’ clock yesterday afternoon.他昨天下午5點前就做完作業(yè)了。We had learned eight hundred words by the end of last week.截止到上周末，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了800個單詞了。

⑤past & toPast “表超過”To “表差幾分”tenpasttwo 2：10tentotwo 1：50注意：在this，that，last，next，every等詞前不加介詞。例如：last night 昨天晚上this morning 今天早上

基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)

1. Do you often get up early ____ the morning，Lingling?A.at B.on C.in D.Of【解析】早午晚要用in at 用在時分前。on 到天時。這道題考查的是時間介詞的用法。in the morning只在of 后面有天時on 代in 2. The kids are going to have a party ____ Children’s Day.A. in B.on C.at D.Of【解析】日子，節(jié)日，年月日，星期前面都用on ,日子，節(jié)日，年月日,星期加上早，午，晚也要用on .答案為B3. —When did you leave home this morning?—____half past seven.A.At B.On C.In D.To【解析】at 用在黎明，午，夜，時與分;at dawn, at noon, at night, at 7:00時間的表達可以直接寫出數(shù)字8:30;另外一種就是由介詞to, past 連接分與時的表達。Half past eight =8:30 ten to ten =9:50等。答案為A4. —What did you do ____ Sunday morning?—we just stayed at home and watched TV.A.on B.in C at D for【解析】看到morning,很多同學(xué)會想到早午晚要用in 而選擇B。其實咱們還有另外一句話，就是日期，節(jié)日，星期，年月日前要用on代替in5. They will have a math testtwo days.??A. for B. at C. in D. after三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in，而不要受中文影響用after， after three days 是個不定的時間范圍，即沒有一個準(zhǔn)確的時間。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。C

（二）表示方位地點的介詞

He arrived in Shanghai three days ago.三天后他到達了上海。I usually arrive at school at 8:15 every morning.我通常8:15到校。atthe gate在大門口atthe end of the road在路的盡頭

There is a boy on the building .一個男孩在大廈頂層。The sun is shinning over the building.正午的太陽在大廈的上空直射著。The snow white cloud is flying above the building.天空偶爾飄過雪白的云。The football was buried under the building.有個足球被埋在大廈下面。The red cross is below the building.紅十字符號在大樓的斜下方。Some children are playing basketball in front of / before the building.有些孩子在大廈前面打籃球。There is a dark window and a lot of light windows in the front of the building.有一個黑暗的窗子和很多光亮的窗子在大樓的前部。Some children are playing hide-and-seek behind the building.一些孩子在大廈的后面玩捉迷藏的游戲。There are a lot of families living inside the building.有很多家庭居住在這座樓里。There are a lot of body builders outside the building.大樓的外面有很多健身器材。

There is a swimming pool between Building A and Building B.在大廈AB之間有個游泳池。(兩者之間)There is a dustbin among building A, building B and Building C.在大廈A，B， C之間有個垃圾桶。A red mark is in the middle of the wall of Building C.大廈C的中間有顆紅心。There is a big tree near building A and beside the tree sits a cute cat. = a cute cat is sitting by the tree.A 號大樓附近有棵大樹。樹的附近臥了一只可愛的貓。There is some grass around the cat.貓藏在草叢中。

基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)

1. Lookthe mapChinathe wall, please.A.after, of, in B. at, of, in C.after, in, on D. at, of, on【解析】 look at 為“看”，而on the wall為“在墻表面掛著”，而in the wall 則是“在墻內(nèi)”，如：There is a hole in the wall.墻上有個洞。Look after 為照顧的意思。2. We won the relay race. And there was a big smile__our teacher's face.A. off B. near C. on D. betweenon sb’s face是固定搭配在某人的臉上。Between強調(diào)兩者之間。Near 在…附近，有一定的距離。Off 在…外面。答案為C3. —Why are you standing there，Maggie?—I can’t see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting____me。A.behind B.in front ofC.beside D.next to【解析】behind 在…后面，in front of 在…前面;beside 在旁邊。Next to 緊挨著。我看不清黑板，因為兩個高個子男孩坐在我前面。4. Uncle Wang lives _____ a farm, but he works ______ a factory.A. in; in B. to; in C. in; at D. on; in【解析】在農(nóng)場上用on a farm在工廠里用in the factory.所以答案為D5. The bridge _____ the river is made ______ big stone.A. on; from B. over; of C. above; in D. of; into【解析】on 在上面， over 在正上方，有一定的距離，above在斜上方。我們知道橋是在河的正上方。所以用over。Be made of 是由原料制成成品，看出原材料。From看不出來be made in +產(chǎn)地。be made into +成品而非原料。答案為B(三)1.in on to in在內(nèi)，on比鄰，to很遠。Beijing liesinthe north of China.

北京位于中國的北部。(北京包含在中國之內(nèi))

Japan istothe east of China.日本在中國的東面。(日本不包含在中國之內(nèi))Russia isonthe north of China.俄羅斯在中國的北面。(俄羅斯不包含在中國之內(nèi)，但與中國接壤)

2. across，over，through & past“穿過”across 表面，through 內(nèi)部，over 跨越past 從旁邊經(jīng)過。If you see the green light，you can walkacrossthe street.如果你看見綠燈亮了，你可以穿過街道。The train ranthroughthe tunnel.火車穿過隧道。I can jumpoverthe fence.我能跳過那座圍墻。We walkedpastthe hospital.我們從醫(yī)院旁邊經(jīng)過。

out of表示“從里到外，從……出來”，有動感。into表示“從外到里，進入……”，有動感。The students walkedout ofthe classroom When the class was over.一下課，學(xué)生們就走出了教室。She poured some waterintothe glass.她把一些水倒進了玻璃杯里。

基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)

1. I can’t swim _____ the river _____ a piece of wood.A. across; without B. through; withC. over; on D. in; by【解析】橫渡河流，across, through是沿著河從河頭到河尾的游。Without 沒有，with是伴隨，擁有;題意為我不能橫渡這條河沒有一塊木板所以答案為A2. Shanghai lies ________ the east of China. A. to B. in C. on D. at此題考查學(xué)生是否掌握了表達位置的用法。在表達東、西、南、北的方位時。在范圍之內(nèi)用in , 在范圍之外用to，相鄰用on。B3. How can you go ______ the street when the traffic is heavy?A.across B. cross C. around D. past【解析】across 是橫穿馬路。Cross 是動詞橫穿不與動詞連用。around 在…周圍，past 是經(jīng)過。題意為當(dāng)車輛很多的時候你怎么能橫穿馬路。4. The river goes ______ the city from west to east.A.through B. over C. into D. throughout【解析】這條河流從城市的西部流到東部。是縱穿城市的。另外城市高樓林立，河流是從內(nèi)部縱穿的，所以應(yīng)該選擇through. A。over 是從上部橫快。Throughout 是到處，遍及。5. The small town lies _____ the three mountains.A.among B. inside C. into D. between【解析】among 是三者或三者以上的之間， between 是兩者之間。Inside 是在內(nèi)部。Into是進入。這個小鎮(zhèn)位于三座山之間。應(yīng)該選擇A

方式介詞：

The girl in red is my sister.穿紅色衣服的女孩是我的姐姐。Can you express yourself in English.你能用英語表達自己嗎?I want to sign my name in black ink.我要用碳素筆簽名。In this way, I can feel much more comfortable.這樣我感覺舒服多了。He likes writingwith a pen.他喜歡用鋼筆寫東西。I made this shirt with my hand.我親手做的T恤。I don’t believe it until I see it with my eyes直到我親眼目睹我才相信。Only by this means is it possible to persuade him只有用這種方法才能勸得動他。I go to schoolby bike.我騎車上學(xué)。

基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)

1. Lin Lin often practices English ____ chatting with her American friend.A.in B.by C.for D.With【解析】by 表示方式，in顏色，語言，材料。玲玲經(jīng)常練習(xí)英語通過和她美國的朋友。By chatting 習(xí)慣用法。答案為B2. I go to school___bus every morning.A. in B. by C. on D. atby后直接加交通工具，表示乘某種交通工具去某地。等于 I take a bus to school .3. Is the girl _____ red _____ duty today?A. with; on B. on; for C. of; at D. in; on【解析】in+顏色 ，語言，原材料。With加具體的工具。在值日是on duty. 所以答案為D4. She asked me to sit _____ her and help her _____ Chinese.A. between; at B. beside; withC. before; in D. on; of【解析】 help sb. with sth. 是固定搭配。所以后者應(yīng)該選擇with。而前者說她要我坐在她的旁邊。前面都可以。Between 是兩者之間，on 直接排除。所以答案為B。5. Can you answer this question___English?A. by B. in C. with D. fromin 表示用語言、聲音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.6. John cut the pear _____ four pieces ______ a knife.A. in; by B. into; with C. with; by D. to; in【解析】with +具體的工具 with a knife , with a pen. 答案為B.On專業(yè)about泛泛He bought a bookon the radio.他買了一本關(guān)于無線電方面的專著。He told some stories about this city.他講了關(guān)于這個城市的一些故事about“大約……”over “超過……，在……以上”，相當(dāng)于“more than”around“大約……”My grandmother is about 70 years old.我的奶奶大約70歲了。My grandmother is over 70 years old.我的奶奶70歲了。It’s around 3 o’ clock.現(xiàn)在大約3點了。except“除……以外”，“除去” 表示同類事物之間的關(guān)系。except for“除了……以外”，“如果不是”，“若非”表示對主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定。它不表示同類事物之間的關(guān)系。besides“除了……以外”，“還有……”。所指事物包括在敘述范圍之內(nèi)。but“除了……之外”多與nobody，none，no>，nothing，anything，everyone，all，who等連用。We all went swimming except Ann.除了安之外，我們都去游泳了。(安沒去)BesidesAnn，we all went swimming.除了安去游泳之外，我們也都去了。(安去了)Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.你的作文除了有一些拼寫錯誤之外，寫得還是很好的。instead “代替”副詞，放在句首或句尾。instead of “代替” 介詞短語后接名詞、動名詞或賓格。Tom didn’t answer his father.Instead，he asked his father.湯姆沒有回答他父親，反而問他的父親。He will go instead of you.他將代替你去。

四、介詞的固定搭配

介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。listen to，laugh at，get to，look for，wait for，hear from，turn>，turn off，worry about，think of，look after，spend...on...，等。on time，in time，by bus，on foot，with pleasure，in trouble.at breakfast，at the end of，in the end等。be late for，be afraid of，be good at，be interested in，be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等.

基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)

1.Do you know any other foreign language____ English?A. except B. but C. beside D. besidesA、B兩項中，except等于but，意為"除了…"，C beside意為"在…旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了…之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎?2. I learn French___the radio every dayA. on B. in C. from D. at從收音機中聽到某事應(yīng)用詞組 on the radio3. - Thank you _____ the beautiful flowers!- Not at all.A.in B. on C. at D. for由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。4. - When did Mr. Green arrive in London?- He arrived there___the evening of December 6th.A.at B. in C. on D. to【解析】 in the evening / afternoon這兩個詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為on,如：on a cold morning,on a spring morning等。5.The postman shouted, “ Mr. Green, here is a letter ________ you.”A. to B. from C. for D. of答案: C (選擇A的同學(xué)要注意to表示動作的方向, for表示有從屬關(guān)系或者利益關(guān)系)

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