2023年初中英語語法： be動(dòng)詞·一般動(dòng)詞的過去式

be

be

was和were

過去式be動(dòng)詞表示''過去時(shí)間中發(fā)生的狀態(tài)"。

1.(現(xiàn)在式)Heisbusynow.(他現(xiàn)在很忙。)

(過去式)Hewasbusythen.(他那時(shí)很忙。)

2.(現(xiàn)在式)My parentsareat homenow.(我父母現(xiàn)在在家。)

(過去式)My parentswereat homeyesterday.(我父母昨天在家。)

※時(shí)間副詞改變，動(dòng)詞也必須改變

be

含有be動(dòng)詞(was、were)的肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，在be動(dòng)詞之后加not (不)即可。

肯定句：主詞+was(were)...

否定句：主詞+was(were)+not...

例：1.Mr. Brown was a vet.(Brown先生是一位獸醫(yī)。)

(否定句)Mr. Brown was not a vet. (Brown先生不是獸醫(yī)。)

= Mr. Brown wasn't a vet.

2.Joe and Brian were in the living room at that time. (那時(shí)Joe和Brain在客廳。)

(否定句)Joe and Brain were not in the living room at that time.

=Joe and Brain weren't in the living room at that time. (那時(shí)Joe和Bram不在客廳。)

be

含有be動(dòng)詞(was、were)的肯定句變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí)，將be動(dòng)詞放到主詞前，句尾加問號(hào)(?)即可。

肯定句：主詞+was(were)...

疑問句：Was(Were)+主詞…?

例：1.Wendy was in the seventh grade last year. (Wendy去年是七年級(jí)。)

(疑問句)Was Wendy in the seventh grade last year?(Wendy去年讀七年級(jí)嗎?)

※be動(dòng)詞開頭的疑問句，可用yes或no回答。而答句中的主詞，須用代名詞。

(問句)Was(Were)+主詞…?

(答句)Yes,主詞+was(were).

No,主詞+was(were)+not.

例：Were you a pianist?(你是鋼琴家嗎?)

(答句)Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.

(是，我是。/不，我不是。)

一般動(dòng)詞的過去式

一般動(dòng)詞的過去式，分為規(guī)則變化及不規(guī)則變化。

(1)規(guī)則變化→…ed

原形動(dòng)詞+ed

例：help→helped (幫忙)spell→spelled (拼字)want→wanted (想要)

原形動(dòng)詞字尾有e+d

例：love→loved (愛) dance→danced (跳舞)

原形動(dòng)詞為子音+短母音+子音→重復(fù)字尾+ed

例：stop→stopped (停止)plan→planned (計(jì)劃)

原形動(dòng)詞字尾為子音+y→去y+ied

例：study→studied (讀書)cry→cried(哭).

(2)不規(guī)則變化

例：eat→ate (吃)read→read (讀) ride→rode (騎) come→came (來)

go→went (去)have→had (有;吃)see→saw (看) teach→taught (教)

give→gave (給)take→took (拿)

例：1.Iwalkto schoolevery day.(我每天走路上學(xué)。)

(過去式)Iwalkedto schoolyesterday.(我昨天走路上學(xué)。

2.Mothergoesto a supermarketevery morning.(媽媽每天上超巿。)

(過去式)Motherwentto a supermarketyesterdaymorning. (媽媽昨天早上上超巿。)

※主詞為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，過去式動(dòng)詞不須加s

一般動(dòng)詞(過去式)的否定句

※含有一般動(dòng)詞(過去式)的肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，不可直接在一般動(dòng)詞之后加not，必須使用過去式助動(dòng)詞did(不分人稱)。而did之后，必定出現(xiàn)原形動(dòng)詞。

肯定句：主詞+一般動(dòng)詞(過去式)…

否定句：主詞+didnot+原形動(dòng)詞…

例：l.He called you last night.(他昨晚打電話給你。)

(否定句)He did not call you last night.(他昨晚沒打電話給你。)

= He didn’t call you last night.

2.My sister and I watched TV all day yesterday.(我姊姊昨天和我看了一整天的電視。)

(否定句)My sister and I did not watch TV all day yesterday.

=My sister and I didn't watch TV all day yesterday.(我姊姊昨天和我并沒有整天看電視。)

比較：否定句(過去式)

a.be動(dòng)詞：She was at home.(她在家。)

She wasn't at home.(她不在家。)

b.一般動(dòng)詞：She studied English.(她學(xué)英語。)

She didn't study English.(她沒學(xué)英語。)

一般動(dòng)詞

※含有一般動(dòng)詞(過去式)的肯定句變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r(shí)，不可將一般動(dòng)詞拿到主詞前，必須使用過去式助動(dòng)詞did。而did之后，必定出現(xiàn)原形動(dòng)詞。

肯定句：主詞+一般動(dòng)詞(過去式)…

疑問句：Did+主詞+原形動(dòng)詞...?

例：1. His friends went to that movie last week. (他的朋友上星期去看了那部電影。)

(疑問句)Did his friends go to that movie last week?(他的朋友上星期看了那部電影嗎?)

(答句)Yes,they did./No, they didn't.

(是的，他們看了。/不，他們沒看。)

2.Grace wrote a letter to David. (Grace寫了一封信給David。)

(疑問句)Did Grace write a letter to David? (Grace寫信給David了嗎?)

(答句)Yes,she did./No, she didn't.

(是，她寫了。/沒，她沒有。)

比較：疑問句(過去式)

a.be動(dòng)詞：He was sick.(他病了。)

Was he sick?(他病了嗎?)

b.一般動(dòng)詞：He did his homework.(他做功課了。)

Did he do his homework?(他做功課了嗎?)

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