2024年初中英語基本句型梳理

從英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)上說，除了修飾名詞的定語和修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語外，在千變?nèi)f化的句子中可歸納為五個(gè)基本句式。

1.S(主) + Vi(不及物動(dòng)詞)(謂)

eg. Time flies.

(1)S + V + adverbial(狀語)

eg. Birds sing beautifully.

(2)S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介詞短語)

eg. He went on holiday.

(3)S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)

eg. We stopped to have a rest.

(4)S + Vi+ Participle (分詞)

eg. I'll go swimming.

2. S (主)+ Vt (及物動(dòng)詞)(謂)+ O(賓)

eg.We like English.

(1)S + Vt+ N/Pron

eg. I like music.

eg. I like her.

(2)S + Vt+ infinitive(不定式)

eg. I want to help him.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, wish等。

(3)S + Vt+ Wh- + Infinitive

eg. I don't know what to do.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。

(4)S + Vt+ Gerund(動(dòng)名詞)

eg. I enjoy living here.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。

(5)S + Vt+ That-clause

eg. I don't think (that) he is right.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(覺得), hear(聽說), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(當(dāng)心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see(看出)，show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺得奇怪)。

3. S (主)+ V(謂)(lv)( 系動(dòng)詞)+ P(表)

eg. We are Chinese.

除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，

①表感官的動(dòng)詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

②表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。

③表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。

④表瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等

⑤其他動(dòng)詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,hang等。

(1)S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞)

eg. He is a boy.

eg. This is mine.

(2)S + Lv + Adj.(形容詞)

eg. She is beautiful.

(3)S + Lv + Adv.(副詞)

eg. Class is over.

(4)S + Lv + Prep Phrase

eg. He is in good health.

(5)S + Lv + Participle(分詞)

eg. He is excited.

eg. The film is interesting.

4. S (主)+ VT (謂)+ In O(間接 賓) + D O(直接 賓)

eg. I give you help.

(1)S + Vt+ N/Pron + N

eg. I sent him a book.

eg. I bought May a book.

(2)S + Vt+ N/Pron + To/for-phrase

eg. He sent a book to me.

eg. He bought a coat for me.

間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有：allow, bring, deny, do(帶來)， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等。

5. S (主)+ VT(謂)+ O(賓) + O C(賓補(bǔ))

eg. I make you clear.

(1)S + Vt+ N/Pron + N

eg. We named our baby Tom.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。

(2)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Adj.

eg. He painted the wall white.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,want, wash, wipe, wish等。

(3)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Prep Phrase

eg. She always keeps everything in good order.

(4)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Infinitive

eg. I wish you to stay.

eg. I made him work

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不帶to的詞：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,notice, see, watch等。

(5)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Participle (分詞)

eg. I heard my name called.

eg. I feel something moving.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。

(6)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive

eg. He show me how to do it.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。

(7)①S + Vt+ N/Pron + That-clause

eg. He told me that the film was great.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。

②S + Vt+ N/Pron + Wh-clause

eg. He asked me what he should do.

常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.

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