1)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：

① 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(即不知道誰做)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),省略by短語。如：

A man was killed in the accident.(一個(gè)人死于事故)

This window was broken yesterday.(這扇窗子是昨天被打破的)

②不說或者眾所周知是誰做時(shí),用被動(dòng)語態(tài),省略by短語。如：

Rice is also grown in thisplace.(這個(gè)地方也種水稻)

A railroad will be built herein three years.(三年之后這里將要修建一條鐵路)

③強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,句尾加by短語。如：

It was written by Lu Xun.(它(書)是魯迅寫的)

A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(寵物狗是不會(huì)被主人宰殺的)

(2)主動(dòng)語態(tài)如何改寫為被動(dòng)語態(tài)：

(3)注意點(diǎn)：

①“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),可以用間接賓語做被動(dòng)句的主語。如：

His teacher gave him adictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→他得到老師一本字典)

也可以用直接賓語做被動(dòng)句的主語,但是需用to或者for引出原句的間接賓語。如：

His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.

(老師給他一本字典→一本字典由老師送給了他)

His father made him a kite.

→A kite was made for him by his father.

(他的父親給他做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏→一個(gè)風(fēng)箏由他的父親做給了他)

②“動(dòng)詞+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),動(dòng)詞原形前要加to.如：

The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.

(老板讓這個(gè)可憐的人一天工作12小時(shí)→這個(gè)可憐人被迫一天工作12小時(shí))

③“動(dòng)詞+…+介詞”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),介詞一般在原位不動(dòng)。如：

The girl takes good care ofher little brother.

→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.

(女孩照顧小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著)

④“be+過去分詞”未必表示被動(dòng)語態(tài),而可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Heis pleased / worried / tired /…….

(系表)(他高興/焦慮/疲勞……)

He was hit / knocked down/ told / shot / …….

(被動(dòng))(他被擊中/撞倒/關(guān)照/射中……)

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