2024年初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)

動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或做什么。

考點(diǎn)一~實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

實(shí)義動(dòng)詞按照其后是否能跟賓語(yǔ)可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。

1.及物動(dòng)詞

及物動(dòng)詞就是后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整的動(dòng)詞。如love,need,want,have,teach,make等。I love my mother.我愛(ài)我的母親。

2.不及物動(dòng)詞

(1)不及物動(dòng)詞本身意義完整,其后不必跟賓語(yǔ)。如come,go,run,travel,listen,swim,live,work等。The man works hard.這個(gè)人工作努力。(2)如果需要帶賓語(yǔ),則不及物動(dòng)詞需要跟適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~連用。Look at the blackboard.看黑板。

3.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

l動(dòng)詞+介詞look after照看look for尋找l動(dòng)詞+副詞put up建立;舉起turn on打開(kāi)l動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞catch up with趕上do away with廢除l動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞take care of照料;照顧pay attention to注意make use of利用l動(dòng)詞+名詞lose heart失去信心take place發(fā)生

【提醒】“動(dòng)詞+副詞”形式的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞。如果作及物動(dòng)詞,若賓語(yǔ)是名詞,可以放在副詞之后,也可以放在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間。如果賓語(yǔ)是代詞,則必須放在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間。

1

【即學(xué)即練】.—What’s wrong with Simon? He isn’t at school today.—His legs hurt. He was by a motorcycle this morning.A.treatedB.hitC.operatedD.cured.While traveling in a strange place, you’d better the local people and follow their customs(習(xí)俗).A.watchB.changeC.controlD.teach1答案:B2答案:A

**考點(diǎn)二~系動(dòng)詞

系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常用的系動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)如下:lbe動(dòng)詞--am,is,are,was,wereI’m a girl with short hair.我是一個(gè)留著短發(fā)的女孩。l感官類(lèi)--look, sound,smell, taste,feel等His plan sounds good.他的計(jì)劃聽(tīng)起來(lái)很好。The food tastes good.這種食物嘗起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。l變化類(lèi)--become, get,grow,go,turn等Mr. Black's face turned red.布萊克先生的臉變紅了。l狀態(tài)類(lèi)--keep, stay,remain等The shop stays open till 8 in the evening.商店一直營(yíng)業(yè)到晚上8點(diǎn)。

【即學(xué)即練】

1

.Mom is making dinner. It so nice! A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds.This silk dress so smooth. It’s made in China.A.tastesB.smellsC.soundsD.feels.The cake delicious. I’d like to have another one.A.tastesB.looksC.soundsD.feels1答案:A2答案:D3答案:A

**考點(diǎn)三~助動(dòng)詞

助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),只能和別的動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等特征,幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問(wèn)、強(qiáng)調(diào)、省略等結(jié)構(gòu)。主要的助動(dòng)詞有be,do,have,shall,will等。lbeam/is/are+動(dòng)詞-ing形式→現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Was/were+動(dòng)詞-ing形式→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)be+過(guò)去分詞→被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)ldo形式有do，does，did，用于構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句，或用在do動(dòng)詞前加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。lhavehave/has+過(guò)去分詞→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)had+過(guò)去分詞→過(guò)去完成時(shí)havehave/has+been+動(dòng)詞-ing形式→現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)lwill/shallwill/shall+動(dòng)詞原形→一般將來(lái)時(shí)would/should+動(dòng)詞原形→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

【即學(xué)即練】

1

.—Oh, no! I can’t find my mobile phone!—Well, where you last put it? A.haveB.doC.didD.are.How’s Annie? I her for a long time.A.don’t seeB.won’t seeC.didn’t seeD.haven’t seen1答案:C2答案:D

**考點(diǎn)四~情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

lcan(could)表示能力(=beable to)--能;會(huì)Tom can swim. =Tomis able to swim湯姆會(huì)游泳。(疑問(wèn)句可以中)表示請(qǐng)求--可以Can I help you?我能幫助你嗎?Could you give us some advice?你可以給我們一些建議嗎?用于(否定句、疑問(wèn)句中)可能性can可能can' t不可能Can the news be true?這則消息是真的嗎?The boy can't be Jim.He's muchtaller.那個(gè)男孩不可能是吉姆，他高得多。lmay(might)表示可能性(可與maybe轉(zhuǎn)換)--可能Tony may know the way to the to the hospital.=Maybe Tony knows the way to the hospital.托尼可能知道去醫(yī)院的路。表示客氣的請(qǐng)求--可以May I come in?我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?表示祝愿--祝······May you be happy.祝你快樂(lè)。lmust表示義務(wù)、命令或要求--必須We must tell the truth to our parents.我們必須告訴父母真相。表示肯定的猜測(cè)(否定猜測(cè)用can't)--一定Lisa must be at home.(推測(cè)現(xiàn)在的狀況)麗莎一定在家。You must be kidding.(推測(cè)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生)你一定是在開(kāi)玩笑。They must have seen the movie.(推測(cè)過(guò)去的狀況)他們一定看過(guò)這部電影。lshall(should)Shall...?用于第一人稱(chēng)，表示提建議或請(qǐng)求--...好嗎?Shall we ask the teacher for help?我們可以向老師求助嗎?should用于各種人稱(chēng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)義務(wù)或責(zé)任--應(yīng)該Students shouldn't have long hair.學(xué)生不應(yīng)該留長(zhǎng)發(fā)。lwill(would)用于第二人稱(chēng)，疑問(wèn)句中表示征求意見(jiàn)或提建議Will/Would you please take out the trash?你可以把垃圾拿出去嗎?will用于各種人稱(chēng)，表示意愿Your parents will try their best to help you.你的父母將會(huì)盡力幫助你。lHad better"最好"，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，其否定形式為had better not do sth.You'd better not eat too much meat.你最好別吃太多肉。

【即學(xué)即練】

1

.—Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mum?—No, you , my dear. You’re free to make your own decision.A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can’t.—you swim? —Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer.A.CanB.MayC.NeedD.Must.—How is your friend coming?—I’m not sure. He drive here.A.mayB.canC.mustD.will.In some countries, people download(下載) music from the Internet without paying, because it’s against the law.A.wouldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t1答案:C2答案:A3答案:A4答案:C

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