2024年初中英語知識點總結(jié):被動語態(tài)

一、 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式

1.被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化

被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式,被動語態(tài)由be +過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為:

1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) - -般現(xiàn)在時

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2) has /have been done現(xiàn)在完成時

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3) am/is /are being done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

例A new cinema is being built here.

4) was/were done -般過去時

例| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should reject the offer.

5) had been done過去完成時

例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in

6) was/were being done過去進(jìn)行時

例A meeting was being held when | was there.

7) shall/will be done -般將來時

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8) should/would be done過去將來時

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9) shall/will have been done將來完成時(少用)

例The project will have been completed before July.

2.被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為He was given a present

by his mother for his birthday.

3)當(dāng)” 動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,其余不動。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如"動詞+介詞”，"動詞+副詞” 等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)

v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被動語態(tài)(-般時態(tài)和完成態(tài))。

二、如何使用被動語態(tài)

學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu),還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。

1.講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者(這時可省by短語)。

例My bike was stolen last night.

2.借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。

例Iwas given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3.為了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一個主語就夠了)

三、It is said that+從句及其他類似句型

一些表示“據(jù)說”或"相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型"It+ be +過去分詞+ that從句”或“主語+be+過去分詞+to

do sth."。有:

It is said that...據(jù)說,It is reported that.. .據(jù)報道，It is believed tha...大家相信，It is hoped tha..大家希望，It is well known th..眾所周知，It is thought th...大家認(rèn)為,

It is suggested that.. .據(jù)建議。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (= The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )一、 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式

1.被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化

被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式,被動語態(tài)由be +過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為:

1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) - -般現(xiàn)在時

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2) has /have been done現(xiàn)在完成時

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3) am/is /are being done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

例A new cinema is being built here.

4) was/were done -般過去時

例| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should reject the offer.

5) had been done過去完成時

例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in

6) was/were being done過去進(jìn)行時

例A meeting was being held when | was there.

7) shall/will be done -般將來時

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8) should/would be done過去將來時

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9) shall/will have been done將來完成時(少用)

例The project will have been completed before July.

2.被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為He was given a present

by his mother for his birthday.

3)當(dāng)” 動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,其余不動。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如"動詞+介詞”，"動詞+副詞” 等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)

v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被動語態(tài)(-般時態(tài)和完成態(tài))。

二、如何使用被動語態(tài)

學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu),還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。

1.講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者(這時可省by短語)。

例My bike was stolen last night.

2.借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。

例Iwas given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3.為了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一個主語就夠了)

三、It is said that+從句及其他類似句型

一些表示“據(jù)說”或"相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型"It+ be +過去分詞+ that從句”或“主語+be+過去分詞+to

do sth."。有:

It is said that...據(jù)說,It is reported that.. .據(jù)報道，It is believed tha...大家相信，It is hoped tha..大家希望，It is well known th..眾所周知，It is thought th...大家認(rèn)為,

It is suggested that.. .據(jù)建議。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (= The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )

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